What anal fissure is
  • Anal fissure is the lacerated wound made by a cut in anal epithelium, which exists between the dentate line and the anal verge(the border between the anus and the fesse). The sensory nerves reach this area; therefore, severe pain will be felt. When something stimulates the internal sphincter muscule and induces convulsion, in particular, pain may continue up to a few hours after defecation. This pain after defecation is characteristic of anal fissure.

Causes of anal fissure
  1. A sudden defecation of hard feces cuts the anal epithelium.
  2. Strong pain starts up, and when the anal sphincter muscle is stimulated, the pain of convulsion continues.
  3. The pain every time there is defecation induces the person to try to repress defecation.
  4. That induces constipation, which makes the feces hard, which cuts the anal fissure even deeper, and makes it chronic.
  5. The more the chronic anal fissure nears the anal sphincter muscle, the deeper it scoops out and develops into an anal ulcer.
  6. The repeating formation of anal fissure reduces the elasticity of the anus and causes anal stenosis.
  7. When anal stenosis occurs, defecating becomes difficult and causes constipation.Constipation hardens the feces, which prevents the curing of anal fissure and the anal ulcer worsens, and the necessity for a surgery arises.

Treating anal fissure
  • Conservative treatment-for an acute case of anal fissure prevent constipation-
    • Prevention of constipation:Be careful to consume regular meals, take in dietary fiber, and an adequate amount of exercise will produce feces of the right hardness(about as hard as a toothpaste). If constipation continues despite these efforts, use laxatives.
    • Treatment by ointment- Apply ointment for hemorrhoids twice a day, after defecation and before going to sleep on the part which became an anal fissure. Applying on this part will hold the pain down and quicken the pace of recovery.
  • Treatment by surgery- for a chronic case of anal fissure -
    • Chronic anal fissure is already a developed anal ulcer and an anal stenosis; therefore, surgery is necessary.